On 14th Mars, I had the
opportunity to attend the famous Shakespeare’s play “Hamlet”. The play was
performed by the Shakespeare’s globe theatre, which is a foundation that aims
at exploring, studying and presenting Shakespeare's work. The event was part of
a 2-year adventure initiated by the foundation to perform Hamlet in every
country of the world. In this article, I will give a short biography of Shakespeare,
an overview of Hamlet, and my personal impressions on the play.
Shakespeare’s Biography
William Shakespeare is an English poet, playwright, and actor considered as one of the greatest English playwrights. He wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets and two long narrative poems.
Shakespeare was baptized on 26
April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His father John was a successful and rich
glover and his mother Mary the daughter of a landowner. When he was 18, he
married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins
Hamnet and Judith. In about 1587, he went to London and became an actor and a
playwright.
During the 1590s, Shakespeare
wrote the majority of his sonnets, whose main issue was lost love. Between 1592
and 1594, the theatres in London were closed because of the plague, so
Shakespeare focused on writing two poems, “Venus and Adonis” 1593 and “Lucerce”
in 1594. As for his plays, they were written approximately between 1590 and
1613 and classified into three categories:
- Comedies (e. g. “The Merchant of Venice”, “Much Ado about Nothing”, “A Midsummer’s Night Dream”)
- Histories (e. g. “Richard II”, "Henry V")
- Tragedies (e. g. “Hamlet“, “Macbeth“, “Romeo and Juliet”, “Othello”, “Julius Caesar”).
Shakespeare died in 1616 and
buried in the Holy Trinity Church of Stratford.
Several years after
Shakespeare’s death, some researchers and academics especially the “Oxfords”
started questioning his existence and the authorship of his poems and plays.
They also proposed alternative candidates as the authors of his works such as
Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere.
Overview on Hamlet
Hamlet or “The Tragedy of
Hamlet” is the longest, the most popular and the most powerful plays of William
Shakespeare. This tragedy was written at an uncertain date between 1599 and
1602.
Summary
The protagonist of the play is
Prince Hamlet of Denmark. After the death of Hamlet’s father, his uncle
Claudius took the throne for himself and married his brother’s widow Gertrude.
One day, Hamlet’s friends encounter the ghost of the late King and inform Hamlet
about it. This latter decides to seek him and talk to him. When the ghost
appears to Hamlet, he tells him that he was murdered by Claudius and asks for
revenge. Despites his confusion and uncertainty, Hamlet decides to prepare
secretly a plan to avenge his father. Since then, Hamlet’s behavior becomes
weird and insane for Ophelia, the girl he loves, his mother and the others.
After that, a series of events
follow on. Hamlet kills mistakenly Polonius, Claudius’s advisor and Ophelia’s
father, who was spying his conversation with his mother; Ophelia becomes crazy
and commits suicide after her father’s death; Ophelia’s brother Laertes decides
to kill Hamlet to avenge his father and sister; Hamlet invites some actors to
perform a play about a murdered king in front of Claudius and Gertrude, and
studies Claudius’s reaction during the play; Claudius conspires with Laertes to
kill Hamlet.
In the last scene, Hamlet
fights with Laertes and kills him and Claudius, while his mother drinks by
mistake the poisoned wine that was prepared for him. At the end, Hamlet decides
to commit suicide by drinking the dregs of the poisoned wine, and tells Horatio
to tell his story to the world.
Short analysis
From a content point of view,
Hamlet is a tragedy that deals with many political, social, religious and
psychological issues. On the one hand, it describes the political context of
Denmark and the wars with its neighbors. On the other hand, it addresses many
controversial issues such as revenge, suicide, love and loyalty. It also
contains a vivid dramatization of insanity, sadness and human uncertainty.
That’s why many psychoanalysts consider this play as a rich source of human
thinking, emotions and behaviors. Furthermore, feminists consider it a good
reference to understand the woman’s situation in early modern England where men
wielded absolute power. They especially focus on studying the characters of
Ophelia and Gertrude and discuss their lives and deaths.
From a linguistic perspective,
Shakespeare’s language is known to be difficult, complex and elaborate,
especially for contemporary readers, first because his work is written in Early
Modern English that may contain obsolete words, and second because he uses
highly developed verse techniques such as metaphors and rhetorical forms. Surprisingly, when his plays are performed in
theatre, language has never been an obstacle for audiences to understand the
story and follow the action.
My Impressions on the Play
First of all, I consider
myself lucky because I had the opportunity to attend one of the most famous
Shakespeare’s plays. I really liked the play and everything about it.
- All actors are talented, they
showed a deep understanding of the characters they are playing and they
genuinely portrayed them. They have great control of their vocality and they
read their scripts smoothly. Their movements and the interactions with each
other were flexible and harmonious. In short, I really enjoyed the performance
and was so moved by the actors’ emotions that I forgot, at a certain point, that I was
watching a play and started believing they are real characters.
- The actors are polyvalent, they play their characters, they sing, they play music (each using a different instrument), they dance, and all this in a wonderful way.
- The actors played different
characters in the play except Hamlet. For example, the actor who played
Polonius played also the roles of the priest and a gravedigger. The actor who
played Claudius played also the ghost of Hamlet’s father, and an actor. The
actress who played Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, played also the roles of a
gravedigger and an actress. I think this reveals a remarkable talent and high
skills, because even if these characters are completely different, actors were
able to switch from one to another with proficiency and flexibility.
- Something I’ve never seen
before and that I really appreciated is that everything on the stage was
organized during the performance, and by the actors themselves. The actors
change their clothes in front of the audience to pass from one act to another.
The scenery is changed and the set pieces moved dynamically as the play
progresses. Although sometimes, a tragedy can be monotonous or boring, but
these techniques created ambiance on stage and brought more energy to the play.
- For the same reason of making
the play more active and dynamic, music, singing, dancing and choreographies
were included in some scenes of the play. This also helped to lighten the
dramatic aspect of the story. Another good point in the play is that actors, when
they are not performing their roles, stay on stage to play sound and music cues
that accompany the scenes performed by the other actors.
- The play resources are
optimized. Indeed, actors wear the same clothes for the different characters
they play, but to respect the characters’ specificity, some accessories are
added. The objects of the scenery are also reusable and serve different
functions. For example, boxes served as chairs or musical instruments, or were
used to construct a bed or a grave.
- Even if I find Shakespeare’s
language difficult and complex, but fortunately, a summary of every scene was
projected in a screen positioned above the stage. So I could easily follow the
story and understand the main events.
*****
Finally, it has to be noted
that I’m not an expert in the theatrical art and all my remarks and opinions on
the play can’t be taken as a reference to judge its quality. I’m only a
book-lover and a spectator who describes a personal experience and gives
personal feedback on it.
Amal
